Budapest Memorandum: How a 1994 Deal That Returned the ‘Third-Largest Nuclear Arsenal’ Left Ukraine Relying on Nonbinding Promises, NATO Hopes, and a Broken Pact
A clear look at the Budapest Memorandum, why Ukraine gave up nukes in 1994, and how Crimea 2014 and the 2022 invasion exposed the limits of political guarantees On December 5, 1994, in Budapest, Ukraine, representatives of the United States, the United Kingdom, and the Russian Federation signed what became known as the Budapest Memorandum […]
Continue Reading